An Introduction to Indian Art

Art has been produced throughout the Indianbecame dominant across India, and the Muslim leaders
subcontinent since 3000BC. To the eye of Westernforbade the portrayal of the human figure, within a
collectors, Indian Art can seem highly ornate. Especiallyreligious context. As Indian Art is rarely anything else,
in comparison to the modern and contemporary artthis rule dramatically changed the face of Indian Art.
produced in America and Europe. Because of this,Indian paintings have been found in two areas of the
some might consider Indian Art to be an acquiredIndian subcontinent. The Ajanta caves are a group of
taste. If it is, there is little wrong with this. Many of thethirty caves, located in the state of Maharashtra, east
finer things in life are only enjoyed, once they are trulycentral India. They were first discovered in 1819. The
appreciated. To appreciate something, it must beAjanta frescoes are based upon on the Jatakas (the
understood first. To achieve an understanding of Indianlife of Buddha), and reveal the development of Indian
Art, one must look upon it aesthetically, in relation to theArt up to around 700AD. This is known as the 'Gupta
culture and ideological concepts of this diverse andPeriod', and is the most classic period of Indian Art. The
highly ritualistic civilization.Ajanta Paintings are explicit in their spirituality, to the
Traditional Indian Art is expressive, sensitive, and highlypoint of being sensual; depicting various portrayals of
designed. It portrays a world, which has been relativeBuddha, love scenes and sleeping women.
to the beliefs of the Indian people, since the year zero.Traditional Indian Art began to diminish at the end of
The beliefs of the Indian people have shown muchthe nineteenth century. British rule brought with it
tenacity over the last two thousand years. In whichWestern influences. Consequently, Indian Art became
case, their art has also remained as persistent, anda mere imitation of European Art. Nevertheless, in
consistent. Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism are thecomparison, this phase was relatively short lived. In one
three main religions in India. Hinduism, also known ashand, British rule had somewhat neutralized Indian
'Sanatana Dharma' (which means 'The eternal law'), isculture. However, on the other hand, their
the most dominant. It is also considered to be thearchaeological studies uncovered many ancient
oldest living religion. Jainism, also referred to asexamples of Indian Art. This, in turn, led to renewed
'Shraman Dharma' or 'Jain Dharma', is an old Indianinterest in more traditional, ancient styles. One of the
Dharma religion. Similar to Buddhism and Hinduism, theleading universities in India is the Visya-Bharati
most fundamental philosophy of Jainism is based uponUniversity. It was founded by Rabingranath Tagore (a
self help, and a progression towards a higher level ofpainter and the first Asian poet to win the Nobel prize
spirituality. To pursue the ultimate goal, which is tofor literature), in 1921. The purpose of the university
achieve a supreme state; a state known in Jainism aswas to bring Western and Indian cultures together.
'Jina' (meaning conqueror), and known in Buddhism, asHere, Indian Artists experimented with many of the
enlightenment. In Hinduism, this is moksha, which meansearly twentieth century art styles, including
'freedom'.impressionism and surrealism; As well as reviving
All three religions revolve around the conceptualtraditional Indian Art styles, primarily, those of the Gupta
paradox of existence. Based upon those concepts,Period.
Indian Art touches upon the three essential elementsPainter, Nandalal Bose, is regarded by many modern
of that existence. That is, our senses; sight, touch, smell,art critics to be among the best twentieth century
taste, and sound; and our emotions and inner spirit.Artists of India. As a young artist, Nandalal Bose joined
Within Indian Art, it is all these things that make oura circle of writers and Artists whose intention was to
world. Each fusing with the other to produce form.revive the classic Indian traditions. His work depicts
Ancient Indian Art swept through the far east,village life, and Indian mythology. Indian Art has
alongside Hinduism and Buddhism. Because of this, itre-established its traditions. However, there continues
became highly influential in Asian Art, especially in Chinato be a certain essence of the West, within the work.
and Japan. From the thirteenth to the eighteenthOnce again, proving art does not dictate life. Life
century, Indian Art became more geometrical. Islamdictates art.