Buddhism and the Ancient Thai Nation

ding to tradition, Buddhism was introduced into ThailandLopburi period), the Khmer empire covered the whole
more than two thousand years ago, when this territoryof northeastern and central Thailand. The Khmers
was known as Suvarnabhumi and was still inhabitedwere adherents of Mahayana Buddhism which came
by the Mons and Lawas. At that time one of the ninefrom Sumatra and became mixed with their older faith,
missions sent by King Asoka of India to spreadBrahmanism. But the Mahayana both of the Srivijaya
Buddhism in different countries, came to Suvarnabhumi.and of the Lopburi periods did not succeed in replacing
This mission was headed by two Arahants namedthe Theravada and the two schools flourished side by
Sona and Uttara and they succeeded in converting theside. However, it was during these periods that
ruler and the people of the Thai kingdom to Buddhism.Brahmanism and the Mahayana had strong influences
Nakhon Pathom was then the capital or one of theon the Thai culture. Sanskrit, the sacred language of
most important cities of Suvarnabhumi and became anthe Hindus and the Mahayana, took deep root in the
active centre for the propagation of the teachings ofThai language and literature, while the Brahmanic
the Buddha. A great stupa was erected there toinfluence can be seen even today in many Thai
commemorate this great historical event, the adoptioncustoms and public ceremonies.
of Buddhism, and it was called Phra Pathom Cbedi,In B.E. 1600, while the Khmers were still very powerful
which means the first Chedi built in this eastern country.in the east, Anurudh the Great, the king of Pagan or
Some scholars say that at the time of the introductionPukam, rose to power in the whole of Burma. His
of Buddhism into Suvarnabhumi, the Thais were still inkingdom extended to the Thai kingdoms of Lanna and
the south of China. There also, through the friendlyLanchang. A different form of Theravada called the
relationship with China in the reign of Emperor Mingti,Pukam Hinayana Buddhism was introduced into these
the Thais were converted to Buddhism. Khun Luangareas and was strongly supported by King Anurudh.
Mao, who ruled over the kingdom of Ailao at theMeanwhile, the Thais, who were themselves
beginning of the seventh Buddhist century, was theTheravada Buddhists, had settled down in
first Thai ruler who declared himself a Buddhist and theSuvarnabhumi and come into contact both with the
upholder of the faith.Mahayana and with the Pukam Hinayana. They
Later, Mahayana Buddhism flourished in India and tookbecame more and more powerful while the Pukam
the place of Hinayana or Theravada Buddhism. Thiskingdom broke up after the reign of King Anurudh and
new school of Buddhism spread to many countriesthe Khmer Empire declined. Then in about B.E. 1800
both in the north and in the south. It was introduced intothere emerged the kingdom of Lanna in the north
Thailand by the kings of Srivijaya whose capital was infounded by King Mengrai of Chiengsan and the
Sumatra and who ruled over the southern provinceskingdom of Sukhothai in north-central Thailand, founded
of Thailand in the fourteenth century of Buddhism.by Phoh Khun Sriindraditya. It was at this time that the
To the east of Thailand, the Khmer kings becamecontinuous history of the Thai nation began and the
powerful in Kambuja from about B.E. 1545 to 1625Thai Buddhism took the present form.
(1002 - 1082 C.E.). During this period (usually called the