| Academic and practical Buddhism making great strides | | | | their writings. Among contemporary Western |
| abreast The scholastic character of the early period | | | | Buddhists devoted to Buddhist studies, a distinguished |
| had much effect on the progress of Buddhism in the | | | | name is the Venerable Nanฺamoli, an |
| subsequent period up to the present. The wealth of | | | | English monk who was ordained in Ceylon and lived at |
| Buddhist literature in Western languages makes | | | | the Island Hermitage until his death in 2503/1960. In the |
| Buddhism accessible to Western people and facilitates | | | | words of Miss I.B. Horner, the late President of the Pali |
| Buddhist study. At the same time Buddhists in Asian | | | | Text Society, the Venerable Nanฺamoli |
| countries have begun to take up missionary activity | | | | was an unusually brilliant scholar and his published |
| again. From time to time, Buddhist missions have come | | | | translations of some of the most difficult Pali texts1 |
| to Western countries to acquaint these civilized people | | | | have a healthy vitality "to inaugurate a new and |
| with the teachings of the Buddha. Above all, social and | | | | valuable phase in the study and understanding of the |
| life conditions have now greatly changed. Amidst | | | | contents of Buddhist literature."1 The Venerable |
| material and economic progress in this age of | | | | Nyanaponika, his well-known Brother-in-Order at the |
| technology, more and more Western people, especially | | | | Island Hermitage, speaks of his translations as |
| students in colleges and universities, find their religious | | | | "remarkable achievements in quantity as well as in |
| system unsatisfying intellectually and spiritually. | | | | quality,"2 and as showing the highest standard of |
| Buddhism, with its doctrine not overshadowed by | | | | careful and critical scholarship and a keen and subtle |
| modern thought and its meditation attractive to modern | | | | mind, philosophically trained."2 Other names of no less |
| mind, has a strong appeal for these Western men and | | | | importance are, for example: the Venerable |
| women who are in search of the meaning of life and a | | | | Nyanaponika, already mentioned above; the Bhikkhu |
| meaningful way of life. And, since the turn of the | | | | Sangharakshita, a Buddhist writer and poet, now the |
| century, Buddhism has taken a new turn. The interest | | | | seniormost Buddhist monk of English origin; Francis |
| in Buddhism and Buddhist studies has grown more and | | | | Story, a British Buddhist through whom the Buddha's |
| more widely beyond the confines of scholars into the | | | | teaching has been presented convincingly as being of |
| public. Knowledge of Buddhism is sought more from a | | | | vital significance in this modern age; Christmas |
| practical standpoint. Meditation becomes the most | | | | Humphreys, the late president of the Buddhist Society |
| appealing aspect of Buddhism and attracts many | | | | of London and a life-long interpreter of Buddhist |
| Western young people to Asian Buddhist countries, | | | | thought to the West; and Edward Conze, a voluminous |
| where many of them can be found today ordained as | | | | writer and leading authority in the field of Buddhist |
| Buddhist monks and practising Buddhist meditation | | | | studies. The number of authoritative writers on |
| under the guidance of local meditation-teachers. There | | | | Buddhism is increasing both in Europe and in North |
| has been an increasing tendency for books on | | | | America and some of the names are coming into |
| Buddhism to be the work of professed or practising | | | | prominence. Worthy of mention are A.K. Warder and |
| Buddhists. Another tendency is for Asian Buddhists to | | | | Trevor Ling, whose authoritative works treat Buddhism |
| take wider and more active part in the spread of | | | | not merely as a religion but as an ethical social |
| Buddhist knowledge in the West, especially through | | | | programme and a civilization. |