Nalanda - The Ancient Buddhist Pilgrimage Place

Nalanda is a place in central Bihar, India 72 kmthe most important Buddhist centers of worship and
south-east of the state capital of Patna and is part ofculture. During the days of Mahavira and
the Buddhist Circuit that includes Bodhgaya and Rajgir.Buddha,Nalanda was apparently a very prosperous
Nalanda is one of the greatest centers of learning intemple city, a great place of pilgrimage and the site of
the ancient times. It is important to the history of India,a celebrated university. It is said that King Asoka gave
and Buddhism. Nalanda is one of the placesofferings to the Chaitya of Sariputra at Nalanda and
distinguished as having been blessed by the presenceerected a temple there. Taranath mentions this and
of the Buddha, it later became particularly renownedalso that Nagarjuna, the famous Mahayana philosopher
as the site of the great monastic university of theof the second century A.D., studied at Nalanda.
same name, which was to become the crown jewelNagarjuna later became the high-priest there.
of the development of Buddhism in India. The nameThere are several places to see and visit near
may derive from one of Shakyamuni's former births,Nalanda. Rajgir is around 12km from Nalanda and a
when he was a king whose capital was here.famous pilgrimage center for Hindus, Buddhists, and
The ancient Buddhist University of Nalanda wasJains. There are many places of interest here such as
founded in the fifth century AD. Nalanda is well knownthe Swarna Gufa, Griddhakuta Parvat, and Vishwa
as an ancient seat of learning. The place not only hasShanti Stupa etc. Lauria Areraj is a 11.5 m high
the remains of the great university but also manyAshokan column, erected in 249 BC. The polished
monasteries, temples, and viharas built by differentsandstone pillar has six edicts on it. Lauria Nandangarh
kings.The university found patrons in Gupta, Kushan,is the site of the famous Lion pillar, erected by king
and Pal kings in successive centuries. Ashoka andAshoka. The 8.5 m polished sandstone column also
Harshavardhana were some of its most celebratedhas an edict engraved on it. The Nandangarh stupa,
patrons who built temples and monasteries here.nearby, is believed to house the ashes of the Buddha.
Recent excavations have unearthed elaborateThe events and festivals of Nalanda attract tourists
structures here. The university remained in prominencefrom far and away. Unique in Nalanda is the Chhath
till 12 century AD when the Afghans attacked BengalPuja, or worship of the Sun god. The most famous
and burnt down this great University.one is at the Sun temple in Baragaon near Nalanda,
A large number of ancient Buddhist establishments,where new paddy, sweets, and fruits are offered in
stupas, chaityas, temples and monastery sites haveworship.
been excavated and they show that this was one of