| The ultimate aim of a Buddhist is to attain nirvana. The | | | | breath going in and the breath going out. Not only this, |
| nirvana is a state where one is liberated from all | | | | one observes each and every sensation, thought and |
| bindings and does not have to go through the cycle of | | | | feeling in one's mind. One thus becomes keenly aware |
| birth and death. Meditation is a set of techniques | | | | of the workings of the mind. This helps practitioner |
| through which a Buddhist can realize the state of | | | | reach the state of mindfulness. |
| nirvana. | | | | Broadly, the Buddhist meditation is divided into two |
| But before that, meditation is a way to cultivate the | | | | categories - the Samatha (calm) and the Vipassana |
| mind. Buddhism teaches meditation as a way to reach | | | | (mindfulness). The Samatha, or Calm, meditation, is |
| the state of mindfulness. Mindfulness is that state of | | | | done by concentrating the mind to such a degree that |
| consciousness where the practitioner is fully aware of | | | | mind and body both attain a high level of calmness. |
| his states of mind. He is aware of each thought and | | | | There are three benefits of practicing this form of |
| each reaction passing through his mind. He knows | | | | meditation - peace and happiness, a favorable rebirth |
| himself much more than an ordinary person. | | | | and the freedom from mental disturbances that are |
| Buddha's teachings centre on the concept of 'Four | | | | the source of unhappiness. Samatha helps us attain a |
| Noble Truths'. First, there is suffering or dissatisfaction | | | | state of tranquility and calmness with oneself that best |
| in our world. Second, the suffering is due to our desires | | | | depicted by the images of Buddha himself. With |
| and ignorance. The suffering is ultimately due to the | | | | Samatha we do not attain nirvana, but get ready to |
| state of our mind. We suffer because we do not truly | | | | achieve it. |
| understand ourselves. So consequently, if we | | | | Vipassana is the technique of observing oneself. We |
| understand ourselves and the working of our mind we | | | | become aware of our reactions to the sensations of |
| can end this suffering. Third, this suffering can be put to | | | | pain and pleasure. But instead of reacting with like or |
| an end. Better understanding of self leads to the | | | | dislike, we become aware of these disturbances of |
| deliverance from suffering. Suffering is actually the | | | | the mind. This method makes us reach those obscure |
| inseparable part of this existence. One can reach the | | | | parts of our consciousness where body and thought, |
| state of nirvana, where one goes beyond the cyclic | | | | chemicals and feelings, meet each other. Ultimately, we |
| nature of existence - the cycle of birth and death. This | | | | become aware of the processes through which our |
| is the hope that Buddha held forth to the practitioners | | | | deepest habits are formed. This awareness liberates |
| of the faith. And finally, the way to accomplish this is | | | | us from these habits and we become masters of our |
| The Eightfold Path. | | | | mind. It makes us realize the source of all thoughts and |
| The eightfold path is constituted by right thought, right | | | | feelings and makes one 'aware' in the true sense of |
| speech, right action, right livelihood, right understanding, | | | | the word. |
| right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration. | | | | Vipassana helps one attain the state of mindfulness - |
| The last three, in fact, refer to the path of meditation. | | | | the state where we see things as they really are. |
| Buddhism, perhaps, is the only system which provides | | | | Vipassana is the realization, by direct insight, of the |
| the practical means to achieve everything that is | | | | presence of three characteristics of being - |
| promised by it. Buddha advised concentrating on some | | | | impermanence, suffering and non-self, in everything - |
| thing to reach the meditative state. In meditation, the | | | | including our bodily and mental processes. The |
| practitioner is mostly asked to direct her attention | | | | realization is on a more direct and intuitional level rather |
| towards breathing. One consciously observes the | | | | than an intellectual understanding. |